Joined pairs ( either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also ). 7. Articles and Determiners: The Limiters
Marks that convey pause, intonation, and stress. Tense and Aspect: The timing and nature of actions. Determiners: Words like "the" or "a" that identify nouns. Connectors: Words that link ideas together. 2. Parts of Speech: The Building Blocks
Connects the past to the present. Used for life experiences, actions with a current result, or actions continuing from the past. Formula: Subject + have/has + Past Participle. Example: "She has completed three engineering projects."
Pronouns take the place of a noun to avoid repetition. Common examples include I , you , he , she , it , we , they , me , him , her , us , and them .
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: Used for actions happening right now or temporary situations. ( She is writing a report. )
A complete sentence requires a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought. One independent clause. ( The dog barked. )
(Hypothetical Present/Future): If + Past Simple, Would + Verb. ( If I won the lottery, I would buy a house. )
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(Unreal Past/Regret): If + Past Perfect, Would Have + Past Participle. ( If we had left earlier, we would have caught the flight. )
Because, although, since, if . They introduce dependent clauses.
Express physical or mental actions (e.g., run , analyze , decide ).
Modifiers must sit directly next to the word they describe. Otherwise, the sentence becomes illogical. Tense and Aspect: The timing and nature of actions
Hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely present/future scenarios. If + Past Simple, ... Would + Base Verb "If I won the lottery, I would fund medical research."
Pick one sentence from a news article. Label every word with its part of speech.
A modifier must clearly target the word it is meant to describe. If placed incorrectly, the sentence becomes illogical.