Powerless; lacking effectiveness or power.
"Procedures that society now takes for granted—such as routine surgeries... rely heavily on the prophylactic use of antibiotics..."
Label the diagram/chart summary below using from Passage 3 for each blank.
The primary driver of this crisis is the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Whenever antibiotics are used, they create a "selective pressure," killing susceptible bacteria while leaving behind those that have naturally mutated or acquired genes to survive. These resistant strains then multiply rapidly. Compounding this issue is a phenomenon called "horizontal gene transfer," where bacteria pass resistance genes to one another directly, accelerating the spread of resistance far beyond simple heredity. This process has given rise to "superbugs"—dangerous pathogens that can easily fight off antibiotic treatment. Powerless; lacking effectiveness or power
These questions test your ability to understand the main ideas or specific details. You might be asked to identify the primary reason scientists are alarmed by antibiotic resistance or what a specific study proves.
Most antibiotics used in industrial farming are intended to treat animals that are actively sick.
Resistance is not limited to human medicine. The misuse of antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary medicine further accelerates the spread of resistant bacteria into the environment and the food chain. 3. Causes and Accelerants The primary driver of this crisis is the
Look for synonyms. Paragraph B mentions "horizontal gene transfer—a process by which they share resistance mechanisms directly with neighboring bacteria of entirely different species." 2. Sentence Completion / Summary Completion
The fundamental principle or foundation on which something is based.
Because standard treatments fail against these bacteria, hospitals are seeing patients with infections that challenge typical ________. Compounding this issue is a phenomenon called "horizontal
Paragraph F states that "The economic reality is that antibiotics offer a notoriously poor return on investment compared to chronic disease medications" which must be taken daily for life. 12. hip replacements / open-heart surgeries
Paragraph D details the agricultural sector's role, noting how "subtherapeutic doses are routinely mixed into animal feed" on industrial farms to promote growth and prevent disease. 5. vii (The grave danger to routine medical surgeries)