This value represents the slope of the load-settlement curve within the elastic range, typically calculated at a specific settlement threshold (such as 1.25 mm for road design). ks=qsk sub s equals q over s end-fraction is the pressure corresponding to a target settlement 4. Automating the Load-Settlement Curve in Excel
Because the test is performed in‑situ, it accounts for actual soil layering, moisture conditions, and stress history – factors that laboratory tests often miss. However, raw field data must be transformed into a clear, auditable report. That transformation is where Excel becomes indispensable.
Readings from at least two, preferably three, gauges ( ) to account for tilt. Average Settlement: C. Analysis & Calculations (XLS Work)
Plate diameter and shape (typically circular, 300mm to 760mm).
| Load (kN) | Settlement (mm) | Time of Reading | | --- | --- | --- | | 10 | 0.5 | 10:00 | | 20 | 1.2 | 10:15 | | 30 | 2.5 | 10:30 | | ... | ... | ... |
While actual images cannot be displayed here, a typical working screen would show:
Implement Excel's Data Validation feature on input columns. For instance, restrict settlement readings to positive decimal numbers to prevent typographic errors (like accidental text strings).
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A standard report spreadsheet usually includes the following data sections:
Since multiple dial gauges are used to account for eccentric loading or tilting of the plate, the true settlement (
If your gauge reads in pressure units (e.g., bar) or force (e.g., metric tons), convert it to stress ( kPak cap P a
The Excel sheet automatically converts raw gauge readings into meaningful soil parameters.
IS 1888 provides an alternative expression that also includes a constant (0.30 m) to account for the influence depth. Both can be implemented as simple cell formulas.
Each load increment uses three dial gauges. The average settlement is simply: