Fm 31 28 Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25 Better Jun 2026

Seamless transitions between primary weapon systems (carbines/rifles) and secondary systems (pistols) in confined spaces.

By December 1999, the U.S. military was undergoing a massive shift in strategic thinking. The legacy of the 1993 Battle of Mogadishu (the "Black Hawk Down" incident) heavily influenced military planners. Mogadishu proved that conventional forces and standard infantry tactics were highly vulnerable in dense, hostile cities.

FM 31-28 is the Army's SFAUC manual. See also Urban Warfare. specialforcestraining.info SF Advanced Urban Combat (SFAUC) - Special Forces Training

Instruction in both mechanical and explosive breaching, using tools like "quickie saws," shotguns, and specialized charges to gain entry through doors, windows, and fences. The legacy of the 1993 Battle of Mogadishu

: Countermeasures against IEDs and mines commonly encountered in urban warfare.

: Description of the urban terrain and its effects on operations, including visibility, cover, and obstacles.

Rapid execution on standard residential door locks and hinges. See also Urban Warfare

As indicated by the "FOUO" (For Official Use Only) designation in its title, FM 31-28 contains technical and operational information meant for . It is typically restricted from public dissemination because it details specific "how-to" techniques for bypassing security and conducting lethal raids. Legacy in Modern Warfare

FM 31-28 provided the necessary "tip of the spear" capabilities for Special Forces to engage in Direct Action operations in urban landscapes, distinguishing their skills from standard infantry units, which were later highlighted in the U.S. Army Special Forces Unconventional Warfare Doctrine analysis . FOUO Classification and Purpose

This field manual, FM 31-28 FOUNO, published on December 1, 1999, focuses on Special Forces advanced urban combat. The manual provides tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for Special Forces operating in urban environments. The document emphasizes the complexity of urban terrain and the need for specialized training and techniques to navigate and combat within cities. FM 31-28 FOUNO

Linear, donut, and strip charges using flexible linear explosives

authorized only for U.S. Government agencies and their contractors. Restriction: